The dataset spans roughly 43,000 years, across these eras:
Initial Upper Palaeolithic (~43,000 BP — Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria)
Mesolithic (~10,000–6,500 BCE — Iron Gates foragers, Serbia and Romania)
Neolithic (~6,500–4,500 BCE — Aegean farmers; Vinča and Starčevo cultures of the central Balkans)
Chalcolithic / Copper Age (~4,500–2,800 BCE — Varna gold-hoard societies, Bodrogkeresztur, Vučedol)
Bronze Age (~2,800–1,100 BCE — Minoan Crete, Mycenaean Greece, Cycladic, Yamnaya-era Balkan)
Iron Age (~1,100 BCE–100 CE — Thracian, Dacian, Illyrian, Hallstatt, Iron Age Greek)
Classical / Roman (~500 BCE–500 CE — Classical Greek, Hellenistic, Roman provincial)
Late Antiquity / Early Medieval (~300–800 CE — Avar, Early Slavic, Late Roman)
Medieval (~800–1500 CE — Byzantine, medieval Balkan)
Post-Medieval / Early Modern (~1500–1700 CE)