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DNA Reports

An overview of Genomelink's DNA reports and where to find them.

138 articles

Iberian Ancestry Report

A Spain- and Portugal-focused ancestry experience combining regional breakdowns with ancient DNA matches.

What are "Ancient DNA Matches from Burial Sites"?Which excavated individuals and burial sites your DNA is closest to, across key eras.
Can this report prove or disprove my family stories?Why this report can refine a family story but can't definitively prove or disprove it.
Is this a medical or health test?No — this report is for ancestry and education only, not medical or health testing.
How accurate is the Iberian Ancestry Report?The factors that shape precision: sampling, ancient DNA coverage, migration, and statistical noise.
Are Basque results treated differently?Why Basque-aligned references form a distinct cluster and act as a separate anchor.
How do you handle sensitive historical periods (Roman, Visigothic, Al-Andalus, etc.)?How we treat Roman, Visigothic, and Al-Andalus signals with caution and historical context.
Why not build the regional breakdown purely from ancient DNA?Why we pair living reference panels with ancient DNA rather than using ancient samples alone.
How do you choose which ancient individuals to include?How we select peer-reviewed, well-dated Iberian genomes balanced across geography and time.
How are the ancient matches scored?How we combine genetic-distance measures to score and rank your ancient matches.
What is the Iberian Ancestry Report?What the Iberian report covers and the two ways it reads your DNA.
Do the Iberian percentages always add up to 100%?How Iberian shares are normalized, and what happens with non-Iberian ancestry.
My documented family is from a region that shows 0%. How is that possible?Why a region tied to your family can still show 0%.
What do the Iberian region percentages mean?What your percentages really measure: how your DNA clusters with each Iberian regional pattern.
How are the Iberian regions defined?How the Iberian regions are built from modern anchors and read through ancient DNA.
Which areas does the report cover?The Spanish and Portuguese regions the report covers.
Is this a "modern ethnicity" report?No — what the modern region names mean, and how the anchors are read through an ancient lens.
How is this different from Deep Ancestry or other consumer DNA tests (AncestryDNA, 23andMe)?How Iberian Ancestry zooms in compared with Deep Ancestry or consumer DNA tests.

Italian Ancestry Report

An Italy-focused ancestry experience combining regional breakdowns with ancient DNA matches.

What is the Italian Ancestry Report?What the Italian report covers and the two ways it reads your DNA.
How is this different from standard ethnicity estimates (AncestryDNA, 23andMe)?How Italian Ancestry zooms in compared with AncestryDNA- or 23andMe-style estimates.
Is this a "modern ethnicity" report?No — what the modern region names mean, and how the anchors are read through an ancient lens.
Which areas of Italy does the report cover?The Italy-focused regional anchors the report covers.
How are the Italian regions defined?How the Italian regions are built from modern anchors and read through ancient DNA.
What do the Italian region percentages mean?What your percentages really measure: how your DNA clusters with each Italian regional pattern.
My documented family is from a specific region, but it shows 0% (or low %). How is that possible?Why a region tied to your family can still show 0% or a low percentage.
Do the Italian percentages always add up to 100%?How Italian shares are normalized, and what happens with non-Italian ancestry.
What are "Ancient DNA Matches from Burial Sites"?Which excavated individuals and burial-site clusters your DNA is closest to, across key eras.
How are the ancient matches scored?How we combine genetic-distance measures to score and rank your ancient matches.
How do you choose which ancient individuals to include?How we select peer-reviewed, well-dated Italian genomes balanced across geography and time.
Why not build the regional breakdown purely from ancient DNA?Why we pair modern-proxy anchors with ancient DNA rather than using ancient samples alone.
How do you handle sensitive historical periods (Roman era, migrations, Early Medieval, etc.)?How we treat Roman-era and Early Medieval signals with caution and historical context.
How accurate is the Italian Ancestry Report?The factors that shape precision: uneven sampling, DNA quality, migration, and statistical noise.
Can this report prove (or disprove) my family stories?Why this report can refine a family story but can't definitively prove or disprove it.
Why do I have strong "Sardinian" or "Tuscan" signals even without known ancestry there?Why distinctive anchors like Sardinian or Tuscan can show up without recent ties there.
Will the report change over time?Yes — your matches and anchors can update as new ancient Italian genomes arrive.
Is this a medical or health test?No — this report is for ancestry and education only, not medical or health testing.
What DNA data do you use, and how is my privacy handled?How we compute your results, and why we don't publish your raw DNA in the report.
What should I do if results don't match what I expected?Where to look — region definitions, neighboring anchors, and ancient matches — when results surprise you.

Ancient Eastern European Report

A deep ancestry experience connecting your DNA to ancient people of the Eastern European plain and Baltic corridor.

What is the Ancient Eastern European Report?What the report covers, the 228 ancient genomes behind it, and the two ways it reads your DNA.
How is this different from standard ethnicity estimates like AncestryDNA or 23andMe?How this ancient-DNA report differs from AncestryDNA- or 23andMe-style estimates.
Is this a 'modern ethnicity' report? What do the regional labels mean?What the eight regional anchors mean — and what they deliberately don't claim.
What countries does the Ancient Eastern European Report cover?The countries this report covers, and the ancient DNA reason each one is included.
Why don't you include the Balkans (Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, etc.)?Why the Balkans tell a different genetic story and sit outside this report's scope.
Why aren't there Caucasus samples in this report?Why the Caucasus belongs to a different genetic story than the Eastern European plain.
Why doesn't the report include Central Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia)?Why Central Europe's distinct prehistory keeps it out of the Eastern European anchor set.
Why does the report stop at the Ural Mountains for Russia?Why the Urals mark both the Europe-Asia line and a real genetic boundary for this report.
What do my regional percentages actually mean?What your percentages really measure: how your DNA clusters with each regional pattern over deep time.
Do my regional percentages add up to 100%?How regional shares are normalized, and what happens with ancestry from outside the region.
My family is from X country, but my percentage there is 0% or very low. How is that possible?The reasons a country tied to your family can still show a low percentage.
I have a strong signal in a region where I don't have any known ancestry. Why?Why deep, widespread ancient signals can appear even without recent family ties to a region.
What time periods does the ancient DNA dataset cover?The eight eras the dataset spans, from ice-age hunters to the medieval period.
Why use modern geographic names as anchors instead of pure ancient DNA regions?Why we use modern-named anchors mapped onto ancient DNA rather than ancient samples alone.
What are Ancient DNA Matches?The ranked list of real excavated individuals whose DNA is closest to yours.
How are ancient matches scored and ranked?How we combine genetic-distance measures to rank your closest ancient matches.
What are Shared DNA Segments with Ancient Individuals?The stretches of your genome, measured in centimorgans, that you may share with ancient individuals.
What's the difference between Ancestral DNA Affinity and Shared DNA Segments?How overall genetic distance and shared segments differ, and what each one tells you.
How accurate is the Ancient Eastern European Report?The factors that shape precision: sampling gaps, DNA quality, ancient migration, and statistical noise.
Can this report prove or disprove my family stories or genealogical records?Why genetic ancestry can support or complicate a family story, but can't confirm specific ancestors.
Will my report update over time?Yes — your matches and anchors can shift as new ancient genomes and methods arrive.
Is this a medical or health report?No — this report is for ancestry and education only, not medical or health insights.
What DNA data is used, and how is my privacy protected?How we compute your results from your genotype data, and why we never publish your raw DNA.
What should I do if my results don't match what I expected?Where to look — regional definitions, ancient matches, and neighboring anchors — when results surprise you.
Does this report work if I only have a small amount of Eastern European ancestry?Yes — even a small Eastern European share can reveal meaningful ancient connections.
How does this report relate to other ancestry reports I may have?How this Eastern European report fits alongside your broader and region-specific ancestry reports.

Greek & Mediterranean Report

A deep ancestry experience connecting your DNA to ancient people of the Greek world, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean.

What is the Ancient Greek & Mediterranean Report?What the report covers, the 415 ancient genomes behind it, and the two ways it reads your DNA.
How is this different from standard ethnicity estimates (e.g. AncestryDNA, 23andMe)?Three ways this ancient-DNA report differs from AncestryDNA- or 23andMe-style estimates.
Is this a 'modern ethnicity' report? What do the regional labels mean?What the thirteen regional anchors mean — and what they deliberately don't claim.
Which countries does the Greek, Balkan, and Mediterranean scope actually include?The thirteen-country scope, and the scientific reason each one earns its place.
Why are there no Italian, Iberian, or French samples?Why Italy, Iberia, and France have their own reports rather than anchors here.
Why are there no Eastern European samples (Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Baltics, Moldova)?Why the steppe-Baltic corridor is covered by the dedicated Ancient Eastern European Report.
Why is Hungary excluded even though it's so close to the Balkans?Why Hungary's record belongs to Central European builds, and how the Danubian story still enters via Romania.
Why are there no Levantine or North African samples?Why those regions sit in separate reports, and what the Anatolian samples here cover.
Why is the Bosnian anchor shown through overlapping Croatian and Serbian maps?Why we read Bosnian ancestry through the Croatian and Serbian maps, given just one ancient sample.
What do the regional percentages mean?What your percentages really measure: how your DNA clusters with each regional pattern over deep time.
Do the regional percentages add up to 100%?How regional shares are normalized, and what happens with ancestry from outside the region.
My family is from a country or region where I show 0% or very low. How is that possible?The reasons a region tied to your family can still show a low percentage.
Why do I have a strong signal in a region where I have no known ancestry?Why deep, widespread ancient signals can appear even without recent family ties to a region.
What time periods does the dataset cover?The ten eras the dataset spans, from 43,000-year-old hunters to the early modern period.
Why not build the regional breakdown entirely from ancient DNA instead of using modern-named anchors?Why we use modern-named anchors mapped onto ancient DNA rather than ancient samples alone.
What are the Ancient DNA Matches?The ranked list of real excavated individuals whose DNA is closest to yours.
How are ancient matches scored and ranked?How we combine genetic-distance measures to rank your closest ancient matches.
What are Shared DNA Segments with Ancient Individuals?The stretches of your genome, measured in centimorgans, that you may share with specific ancient individuals.
The report shows two match tables — what's the difference between Ancestral DNA Affinity and Shared DNA Segments?How Ancestral DNA Affinity and Shared DNA Segments differ, and what each one tells you.
How accurate is the report?The factors that shape precision: sampling gaps, DNA quality, ancient migration, and statistical noise.
Can this report prove or disprove my family stories or genealogical records?Why genetic ancestry can support or complicate a family story, but can't confirm specific ancestors.
Will the report update over time?Yes — your matches and anchors can shift as new ancient genomes and methods arrive.
Is this a medical or health report?No — this report is for ancestry and education only, not medical or health insights.
What DNA data is used, and how is my privacy protected?How we compute your results from your genotype data, and why we never publish your raw DNA.
What should I do if my results don't match what I expected?Where to look — ancient matches, neighboring anchors, and the era timeline — when results surprise you.
Does this report work if I only have a small amount of Greek or Balkan ancestry?Yes — even partial Greek or Balkan ancestry can surface meaningful ancient connections.
How does this report relate to other ancestry reports I may have?How this Greek-anchored report fits alongside your broader estimates and other region-specific ancient reports.