The Pima are an indigenous group that call themselves O'ob, which means "the people" or "the people". The phrase pima means "there is no", "it does not exist" because when the Spaniards arrived, that was their answer to the questions they asked them.

They live in the Sierra Madre Occidental in southeastern Sonora and southwest of Chihuahua. The term puma encompasses several indigenous societies, such as the desert dimas, pimas de la sierra orpinas gilenos.

In Mexico we find the mountain pimas, who during the colonial era were divided into three subgroups: rus, names and yécoras. The first two have disappeared while the yécoras retain cultural traits. They are located in the region of Mayakoba, Yepachic, Mesa Blanco, Pinos Verses and one of Dolores, which are municipalities of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Tarahumaras call themselves Raramuri, which means rara (feet) and muri (to run) and can be translated as “people”. They live in the northwestern side of the American cordillera, in the modern states of Chihuahua, Durango and Sonora.

Their territory is known as “Sierra Tarahumara” although other native American groups can be found in the same territory: Tepehuanos, Pimas and Guarijios.

The Huicholes call themselves wixarika which means "the people". Currently the Huicholes live in the Sierra Madre Occidental, in the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Zacatecas and Durango. The elements that distinguish this population are their clothing, crafts and cosmogony in which corn, deer and peyote play an important role.

Corn and deer represent a vital sustenance while peyote is the means by which they can establish communication with the gods. It should be noted that religion is an inherent part of everyday life.

Historically, Nahuas and Otomies have cohabitated the same region since pre-colonial times. This geographical closeness can also be seen in their genetic similarities amongst both groups.

For our study, we gathered them as Nahua-Otomi to determine your ancestry percentage that belongs to both populations even though they are culturally different.

Triquis are found in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, specifically in the northeastern side. Their territory adjoins with the Mixteco territory. There are three main Triqui settlements: Copala, Chicahuaxtla and Itunyoso. They have slight language and dress differences but their culture and religion are common features.

Their economy is based in agriculture: maize and coffee are their main crops, although they have territory limitations. This is why they have migrated to find more income sources.

The Mixtec people call themselves “Ñuu Dzavui” or “people of the rain”. Their ancestors settled in the modern states of Oaxaca and part of Guerrero and Puebla. During Mesoamerican times, they were the most famous artisans, recognized by their stone and metal pieces.

The Mixtec region has a huge variety in microclimates which allowed the Mesoamerican Mixtec villages to commerce food and handicrafts. They also had strong social, cultural and political ties that are known thanks to their pictographic writing. When the Spaniards arrived in the XVI century, their manuscripts (known as codex) were well kept, letting us know their identity as well as their culture.

Currently, the Zapotec population is concentrated mainly in Oaxaca. They call themselves Bénnizáa or "people who come from the clouds". For the Mexican, they were the zapotecatl or "people who come from the place where fruits abound". In pre-Columbian times it was one of the main Mesoamerican cultures.

Approximately 3,500 years ago they had their cultural apogee and they are attributed the construction of the area of Monte Alban and a great religious center in Mitla. They had cultural affinity with the Olmecs, ancient Mayans, Mexicans and Toltecs. Currently, due to migrations to the southern United States, there is evidence of Zapotec descendants in the Los Angeles region.

The Mayan civilization had a development in a wide region of Mesoamerica, which includes the current states of Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Quintana Roo and Chiapas in Mexico and the territory of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador.

Its development for 18 centuries was such that it highlighted the hieroglyphic writing, its art, architecture, numbering systems, astronomy, etc. The six archeological sites with especially outstanding architecture or sculpture are Chichen Itza, Palenque, Uxmal, Comalcalco and Yaxchilan in Mexico, Tikal in Guatemala and Copan in Honduras.

These populations are made up of a group of native peoples of South America. In the case of the Aymaras, their cultural identification allowed them to delimit their own populations of the Andean highlands and the Lake Titicaca basin, while the Quechuas were populations that were inhabiting the highland and foothill regions of southern America since the 15th century, descendants of the inhabitants of the Inca Empire.

Currently the Andean population is divided between Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina.

The populations of the Amazons are very important, because the genetic studies in Native Americans show genetic flow coming mainly from Mesoamerica, that is to say, people who come from the Bering Strait.

For the groups of the Amazons, their origin is different, sense genetic studies reveal that they are similar to populations of the Adaman Islands, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and native Australians.